The PAM is a 20-item Likert-type questionnaire designed to assess the level of parenting alliance, or cooperation and teamwork, between parents jointly involved in rearing their children.
The PDPT is a 20-item questionnaire designed to measure parental difficulties associated with preschool children's cognitive and social activities and development.
The PCRQ is a 57-item (40 in short form) Likert-type questionnaire designed to assess perceptions of parents and their children regarding the parent-child relationship.
